EDU 03 Assignment: Types of Audio-Visual Aids
AUDIO-VISUAL AIDS
Audio-Visual
Aids are training or educational materials directed at both the senses
of hearing and the sense of sight, films, recordings, photographs, etc
used in classroom. The term has been defined as those materials which do
not depend solely upon reading to convey meaning. They may present
information through the sense of hearing as in audio resources, sight,
as in visual resources or through a combination of senses. They can make
complex information more accessible, improve retention, and cater to
different learning styles. Examples of audio-visual aids include
educational videos, interactive whiteboards, podcasts, virtual reality
simulations, etc.
TYPES OF AUDIO VISUAL AIDS
Audio visual aids are mainly classified into three:
1. ACTIVITY AIDS
2. NON-PROJECTED AIDS
3. PROJECTED AIDS
ACTIVITY AIDS
Activity
aids are tools or resources that engage learners in hands-on,
interactive activities to reinforce learning. They encourage active
participation, problem-solving, and collaboration.
Types of activity aids:
1. Field trips and study tours:
- Group of persons going to a selected place.
- Provides direct, purposeful experiences.
- Useful for gathering Objective based Learning experiences.
2. Exhibitions:
- Means of mass communication and instruction.
- Its organizing gives self activity for pupils.
- It results in novelty of ideas,develops creativity and interest among the students
- Promotes public interaction.
3. Demonstrations:
- Used by teachers.
- Purposeful, simple, effective and specific.
- Planned and rehearsed in advance.
- Ensure active participation of Students.
4. Dramatization:
- Focuses on real experiences.
- Gives concreteness to learning experiences.
- Opportunity for self-expression.
- Creates interest, attitudes and values.
5. Museum:
- Collection of rare educative materials.
- For public education.
- Used for study and research purposes.
- School museums are very effective.
6. Planetarium:
- A dome mounted on the ceiling of a hall to represent the sky.
- Special projectors to display images of celestial bodies.
- Taped narration and sound effects increases its effectiveness.
7. Science kit:
- Mini mobile laboratories.
- Portable boxes with chemicals and apparatuses.
- Enables students to conduct their own experiments at home.
- Links laboratory teaching with life.
8. Live corner:
- A place where animals and Plants are grown and reared.
- Types of live corners:
2. Terrarium: creatures on or below earth.
3. Vivarium: creatures in air.
9. Nature calendar:
- Yearly record of daily observations of nature or natural phenomena.
- Classroom discussion on the observations in the nature calendar can be conducted.
NON-PROJECTED AIDS
ADVANTAGES OF NON-PROJECTED AIDS
- Uses visual and audio media.
- Can be used effectively in classroom situations.
- Not very much expensive.
- More attractive and interesting.
- Motivates the students.
- Brings variety in the learning experiences. A creative teacher can use these very effectively in making the teaching learning process better.
TYPES OF NON-PROJECTED AIDS
- Graphic Aids
- Display boards
- Three Dimensional Aids
- Audio Aids
Graphic Aids
- Graphic aids are visual aids that are represented on a plane surface.
- They present the data in an abridged form
- They secure the attention of the pupils
- They should be simple, bold, legible and brief
Types of graphic aids:
1. Graphs:
Shows the relationship between two dependent variables. It can be
easily interpreted and inferences can be drawn easily. Line graph, bar
graph, pie graph, etc are some of the different types of graphs.
2. Diagrams: Easily explains many facts at the same time using variety of symbols and labels. Helpful in explaining facts vividly.
3. Posters: Bold attractive representation of an idea or concept using colours. It easily catches the eye and conveys messages quickly.
4. Maps:
Accurate representation of the boundaries and other details of
continents, countries etc. It is drawn on a plane surface to a scale.
Different maps used in classrooms are historical, geographical,
industrial etc.
5. Cartoons: A
metaphorical, humorous and exaggerated caricature of a person or a
situation in the form of a picture or a sketch. It has universal appeal
and conveys only one idea at a time.
6. Comics:
A form of cartoon depicting a story in sequence. In a comic, the events
are arranged in an order. It's attractive and more appealing to a
younger audience
7. Flash Cards: Used
mainly in language classrooms. It facilitates learning of new words and
immediate feedback of comprehension. It is exhibited only for a few
seconds and is then removed.
8. Pictures and Photographs: Makes ideas more clear and vivid. They helps in better comprehension. It cultivates the power of observation and judgment.
9. Charts:
Charts combine graphs and pictures. It presents data orderly and helps
in a logical visualization of ideas. Display charts, flip chart, flow
chart, tabular chart, tree chart and time chart are the different types
of charts.
Display Boards
Displays are of three types:
1. Motivational display - attracts and arouses curiosity.
2. Developmental display - adds information and ensures student participation.
3. Summary display - for review and consolidates data.
Types of display boards;
1. Black Board:
It is the oldest and simplest visual aid. A creative teacher can create
wonders by communicating in a concrete and meaningful way.
2. Roll Up Chalk Board: Chalk
board that can be conveniently rolled up. Made of thick rexine cloth.
Materials can be prepared in advance and presented when required.
3. Pegboard:
Used for compiling flat and three dimensional materials. Made of
special hooks and clips. Display can be positioned at desired pegs.
4. Hook and Loop Board: Used to suspend heavy three dimensional objects. Has strong hooks on to which the object is affixed.
5. Flannel Board: Made of adhesive material stretched of a suitable size. Pictures, words etc can be fixed on the flannel cloth.
6. Magnetic Board: Iron together with a magnet serves as a magnetic board. it is used to show relative movement of elements of a visual.
7. Plastigraph:
Smooth polished surface of glass plate or plastic sheet. Plastic sheets
of different colours cut into different shapes and patterns are
displayed.
8 Bulletin Board: To
exhibit bulletins, news items, announcements, etc to be communicated to
the students. Can be closed with glass shutters in front.
9. Marker Board: White board for writing with felt pens or markers. Same use as chalk boards. It is also used as projection screens.
10. Interactive Boards:
An interactive whiteboard (IWB), is a large interactive display that
connects to a computer and projector. A projector projects the
computer's desktop onto the board's surface where users control the
computer using a pen, finger, stylus or other device. The board is
typically mounted to a wall or floor stand.
Three Dimensional Aids
1. Models: Models
are concrete representation of objects. It can be handy and observable.
Types of models are 3-dimensional, sectional and working models.
2. Objects: Real things collected from nature or from the community.
3. Specimens: An object or its part removed for convenient observation.
4. Mock Ups:
Operating working model usually of a process designed to be worked out
directly by the learner for specific training. It's used to give
training in complex skills.
5. Puppets: Puppets
are used to give information, entertainment, awareness etc. Hand
puppets, glove and finger puppets, rod puppets, string puppets and
shadow puppets are some examples.
6. Diorama:
Diorama is a three dimensional scene incorporating group of modeled
objects and figures in a natural setting. It is more realistic,
attractive and gives a clear and better idea.
Audio Aids
Radio: Radio
is a media of mass communication. It is useful for both teachers and
students and can be used to broadcasts educational programmes.
Tape Recorder: It
records sound on a magnetic tape. It can be used any time. Tape
recorders can be used in the study of languages and can be used by blind
students for learning.
There are other audio aids available today. Today you can even use a mobile, ipod etc as audio aids.
PROJECTED AIDS
Projection technologies:
- CRT projector using cathode ray tubes.
- LCD projector (Liquid Crystal Display)
- DLP (Digital Light Processing) projector uses DMDs (Digital Micromirror Devices).
- LED projector uses an array of Light Emitting Diodes.
- Laser diode projectors
Types of projected aids:
1. Camera Obscura:
The camera obscura is an optical device that projects an image of its
surroundings on a screen. Also known as pinhole camera. It is used in
drawing and for entertainment, and was one of the inventions that led to
photography.
2. The Magic Lantern: The magic lantern or Laterna Magica is an early type of image projector developed in the 17th century.
3. Opaque Projector:
The opaque projector, or episcope is a device which displays opaque
materials by shining a bright lamp onto the object from above. A system
of mirrors, prisms and/or imaging lenses is used to focus an image of
the material onto a viewing screen. Opaque projectors are typically used
to project images of book pages, drawings, mineral specimens, leaves,
etc.
4. Diascope: An optical projector used to display transparencies
5. Epidiascope: A projector that is used to project both transparent and opaque objects.
6. Slide Projector:
A slide projector is an opto-mechanical device to view slides. Types of
projectors are Carousel slide projector, Straight tray slide projector,
Dual slide projector, single slide projector, stereo slide projector
etc.
7. Overhead Projector: An overhead
projector is a variant of slide projector that is used to display images
to an audience. Transparencies are placed on top of the lens for
display. The light from the lamp travels through the transparency and
into the mirror where it is shone forward onto a screen or display.
8. Microscope with Projector:
A microscope having a projecting device which is adapted to be used
together with a reflecting mirror as a reflecting light source and a
lamp disposed on the backside of the mirror as a direct light source
characterized by that a hood is arranged instead of the eye lens of a
microscope body and is provided with reflecting mirrors.
9. Document Cameras: Document
cameras, also known as image presenters, visual presenters, digital
visualizers, digital overheads, and docu-cams, are real-time image
capture devices for displaying an object to P large audience. Like an
opaque projector, a document camera is able to magnify and project the
images of actual, three-dimensional objects, as well as transparencies.
They are, in essence, high-resolution webcams, mounted on arms so as to
facilitate their placement over a page. Theoretically, all objects can
be displayed by a document camera. Most objects are simply placed under
the camera. The camera takes the picture which in turn produces a live
picture using a projector.
10. Filmstrip Projectors:
Filmstrip projectors were commonly used in classrooms to display
individual frames of a "strip" of 35mm positive film on which still
images were printed. These would be used in a manner similar to a
presentation-software slide show, where one frame would be presented and
the instructor would either play a recording that described the slide
or image, or read from a printed script supplied with the filmstrip.
11. Movie or Motion Picture or Film Projector: A movie projector is an opto-mechanical device for displaying moving pictures by projecting them on a projection.
12. Video projector:
A video projector is a device that receives a video signal and projects
the corresponding image on a projection screen using a lens system.
Video projectors are widely used for conference room presentations,
classroom training, home theatre and live events applications.
Projectors are widely used in many schools and other educational
settings, connected to an interactive to interactively teach pupils. A
video projector, also known as a digital projector, may be built into a
cabinet with a rear-projection screen (RPTV rear - projection TV) to
form a single unified display device
.
13. Television: Educational
television is the use of television progrms in the field of education.
It may be in the form of individual programs or a dedicated TV channel.
Many children's programmes are educational, ranging from dedicated
learning programs to those that indirectly teach the viewers. Some
series are written to have a specific moral behind every episode, often
explained at the end by the character that learned the lesson. There are
also educational programs for an older audience; many of these are
distance learning services.
14. LCD Projector: An
LCD projector is a type of video projector for displaying video, images
or computer data on a screen or other flat surface. It is a modern
analog of the slide and overhead projectors. To display images, LCD
projectors typically send light from a lamp through a prism that
separates light to three poly silicon panels - one each for the red,
green, and blue components of the video signal.
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN PROJECTED AND NON PROJECTED AIDS
PRESENTATION